↑ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). Sydor A, Brown RY, biên tập. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (ấn bản 2). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. tr. 190–191, 287. ISBN9780071481274. Products of this research include the discovery of lipophilic, small-molecule opioid receptor antagonists, such as naloxone and naltrexone, which have been critical tools for investigating the physiology and behavioral actions of opiates. ... A competitive antagonist of opiate action (naloxone) had been identified in early studies. ... Opiate antagonists have clinical utility as well. Naloxone, a nonselective antagonist with a relative affinity of μ > δ > κ, is used to treat heroin and other opiate overdoses.
↑ “Narcan Prescribing Information” (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Adapt Pharma, Inc. Tháng 1 năm 2017. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 11 năm 2017.
